Greetings, welcome to the Forums.
You can replant a green potato. It should grow into a new plant as easily as any other potato.
If your goal is to later harvest that exact same green potato, the answer is more complicated.
Plant tissue that are is kept in darkness will begin to etiolate and chlorophyll will break down.
However, how quickly this will happen with a reburied green potato is uncertain. Likely it is variable length of time with regards to temperature, genetics and other factors.
Also secondary compounds such as the toxic solanine compounds in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) may or may not persist longer in the tissues, if they are even present.
You use the phrase 'still in the ground'. Does this imply that these are potatoes left after a recent harvest?