But if the whole purpose of transplanting plants into fresh nutritious soil shouldn't I try to remove as much of the old soil as I can, without disturbing the roots too much ?
understood. I'm guessing if we did anything wrong or the transplant procedure was too rough, the plant will likely start dying within 24 to 48 hours?That's all fine, although Dracaenas are monocots and don't need root-loosening. Their roots grow longer but don't get any fatter so girdling is not really an issue with them. The trimming is OK, just expect some yellowing and wilting.
For most plants grown in pots permanently, I don't worry about girdling roots too much. It's more of a problem with large shrubs and trees planted in the ground where they can fall over due to poor rooting.
For shrubs and small trees that are grown in pots permanently, treating them like bonsais and changing soil and root removal is more frequently done.
Keep studying, especially if you can find information on ".edu" sites. These are sites associated with colleges and universities that usually have scientific studies backing up their recommendations.
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