I planted Carrots today you probably could too. My carrots freeze & die in pots & bags, we have mild winter weather compared to MO.
What type potatoes are you trying to grow?
Red and purple potatoes are extremely easy to grow they out grow white color potatoes about 2;1 and 4;1. We don't eat these but my son loves them. These are a 90 day crop.
I can't grow, Russet or Yellow potatoes in TN. Russets might grow well in sand if you have Idaho weather. I can't grow yellow potatoes TN soil is too wet.
I have excellent luck with Kennebec potatoes in TN. Plants love rain every day but soft soil needs to be well drained & no mud. Kennebec grown in 5 or 10 gallon pots or bags start out good but new potatoes freeze and rot in cold wet weather. Pots & bags are too dry in hot weather soil needs to stay wet but no mud. This are a 90 day crop.
I have been growing potatoes for 48 years in TN. When I lived in IL potatoes were very easy to grow but after moving to TN I had to learn why I have such a terrible potato crop. There are lots of rumors best way to grow potatoes. I use to do 6 potato growing experiments very summer to learn best way to grow potatoes in TN.
Most white seed potatoes grow 1 lb. of new potatoes from each eye. A seed potato with 5 eyes will grow 5 lbs. of new potatoes. A seed potato with 8 eyes will grow 8 lbs. of new potatoes. 10 eyes will grow 10 lbs. of potatoes. If someone tells me that will work or not work I grow it to learn what happens.
I like to plant 2" to 2½" seed potatoes with 5 eyes on each seed potatoes see photo below. I learn to never cut seed potatoes to make smaller seed potatoes. I plant seed potatoes 6" apart. If a 8 eye or 11 eye potatoes gets in with the 5 eye seed potatoes so what plant it any way.
I get free mulch at the recycle center to till 4" into each if the 3 potato rows. I place seed potatoes on soil surface, 3 rows, 32" between rows. I push seed potatoes down 1" then cover with 6" of soil. After adding mulch and tilling soil is like a hill already a few inched above the rest of the garden soil this help day rain water away. When green plants are 6" tall I hill up soil another 2". When plants are 6" tall again I hill soil up another 2" for a total of 10". Every day rain washes the hills down I hope hills are 6" tall 90 days later = harvest day.
Potatoes should stay in soil for a while 3 or 4 weeks but we have lots of moles they eat lots of potatoes so I dig new potatoes up soon as plants start looking dead. If I plant a small crop of potatoes moles eat most of them.